@article{doi:10.1139/facets-2017-0008, author = {Campbell, Samantha H. and Williamson, Patrick R. and Hall, Britt D.}, title = {Microplastics in the gastrointestinal tracts of fish and the water from an urban prairie creek}, journal = {FACETS}, volume = {2}, number = {}, pages = {395-409}, year = {2017}, doi = {10.1139/facets-2017-0008}, URL = { https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0008 }, eprint = { https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2017-0008 } , abstract = { Microplastics are defined as any plastic with a diameter ≤5 mm. Problems associated with these plastics such as contamination of both marine and freshwater environments and ingestion by aquatic organisms are of increasing concern. Our study quantifies the number of microplastics in a prairie creek immediately downstream of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. Water samples and five species of fish were collected from sample sites upstream and downstream of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the summers of 2015 and 2016. Samples were digested in either a Fe(II)/H2O2 or NaClO solution and observed under a microscope where plastics present were enumerated by colour and type. At least one microplastic was detected in 73.5\% of fish and 95.6\% of water samples, showing that the creek does, in fact, contain microplastics. Concentrations were higher in water from upstream sites, likely due to dilution of creek water by the release of treated effluent. The results of this study provide baseline conditions for the presence of plastics in the creek prior to a major upgrade of the WWTP scheduled for completion in 2016. } } @article {, author = {Anderson JC}, author = {Park BJ}, author = {Palace VP}, title = {Microplastics in aquatic environments: Implications for Canadian ecosystems}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {218}, pages = {269}, year = {2016} } @article {, author = {Andrady AL}, title = {Microplastics in the marine environment}, journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}, volume = {62}, pages = {1596}, year = {2011} } @article {, author = {Baldwin AK}, author = {Corsi SR}, author = {Mason SA}, title = {Plastic debris in 29 Great Lakes tributaries: Relations to watershed attributes and hydrology}, journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology}, volume = {50}, pages = {10377}, year = {2016} } @article {, author = {Barnes DK}, author = {Galgani F}, author = {Thompson RC}, author = {Barlaz M}, title = {Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, volume = {364}, pages = {1985}, year = {2009} } @article {, author = {Betts K}, title = {Why small plastic particles may pose a big problem in the oceans}, journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology}, volume = {42}, pages = {8995}, year = {2008} } @article {, author = {Biginagwaa FJ}, author = {Mayomaa BS}, author = {Shashouad Y}, author = {Syberga K}, author = {Khan FR}, title = {First evidence of microplastics in the African Great Lakes: recovery from Lake Victoria Nile perch and Nile tilapia}, journal = {Journal of Great Lakes Research}, volume = {42}, pages = {146}, year = {2016} } @article {, author = {Brillant M}, author = {MacDonald B}, title = {Postingestive selection in the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus (Gmelin): the role of particle size and density}, journal = {Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology}, volume = {253}, pages = {211}, year = {2000} } @article {, author = {Browne MA}, author = {Galloway T}, author = {Thompson R}, title = {Microplastic—an emerging contaminant of potential concern?}, journal = {Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management}, volume = {3}, pages = {559}, year = {2007} } @article {, author = {Browne MA}, author = {Dissanayake A}, author = {Galloway TS}, author = {Lowe DM}, author = {Thompson RC}, title = {Ingested microscopic plastic translocates to the circulatory system of the mussel, Mytilus edulis (L.)}, journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology}, volume = {42}, pages = {5026}, year = {2008} } @article {, author = {Browne MA}, author = {Crump P}, author = {Niven SJ}, author = {Teuten E}, author = {Tonkin A}, author = {Galloway T}, title = {Accumulation of microplastic on shorelines worldwide: sources and sinks}, journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology}, volume = {45}, pages = {9175}, year = {2011} } @article {, author = {Carr SA}, author = {Liu J}, author = {Tesoro AG}, title = {Transport and fate of microplastic particles in wastewater treatment plants}, journal = {Water Research}, volume = {91}, pages = {174}, year = {2016} } @article {, author = {Claessens M}, author = {Van Cauwenberghe L}, author = {Vandegehuchte MB}, author = {Janssen C}, title = {New techniques for the detection of microplastics in sediments and field collected organisms}, journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}, volume = {70}, pages = {227}, year = {2013} } @article {, author = {Cole M}, author = {Lindeque P}, author = {Halsband C}, author = {Galloway TS}, title = {Microplastics as contaminants in the marine environment: a review}, journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}, volume = {62}, pages = {2588}, year = {2011} } @article {, author = {Collard F}, author = {Gilbert B}, author = {Eppe G}, author = {Parmentier E}, author = {Das K}, title = {Detection of anthropogenic particles in fish stomachs: an isolation method adapted to identification by Raman spectroscopy}, journal = {Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology}, volume = {69}, pages = {331}, year = {2015} } @article {, author = {Eerkes-Medrano D}, author = {Thompson RC}, author = {Aldridge DC}, title = {Microplastics in freshwater systems: a review of the emerging threats, identification of knowledge gaps and prioritisation of research needs}, journal = {Water Research}, volume = {75}, pages = {63}, year = {2015} } @article {, author = {Eriksen M}, author = {Mason S}, author = {Wilson S}, author = {Box C}, author = {Zellers A}, author = {Edwards W}, title = {Microplastic pollution in the surface waters of the Laurentian Great Lakes}, journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}, volume = {}, pages = {77}, year = {2013} } @article {, author = {Estahbanati S}, author = {Fahrenfeld NL}, title = {Influence of wastewater treatment plant discharges on microplastic concentrations in surface water}, journal = {Chemosphere}, volume = {162}, pages = {277}, year = {2016} } @article {, author = {Fazey FMC}, author = {Ryan PG}, title = {Biofouling on buoyant marine plastics: an experimental study into the effect of size on surface longevity}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {210}, pages = {354}, year = {2016} } @article {, author = {Fendall LS}, author = {Sewell MA}, title = {Contributing to marine pollution by washing your face: microplastics in facial cleansers}, journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}, volume = {58}, pages = {1225}, year = {2009} } @article {, author = {Free C}, author = {Jensen O}, author = {Mason S}, author = {Eriksen M}, author = {Williamson N}, author = {Boldgiv B}, title = {High-levels of microplastic pollution in a large, remote, mountain lake}, journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}, volume = {85}, pages = {156}, year = {2014} } @article {, author = {Gregory M}, title = {Plastic ‘scrubbers’ in hand cleansers: a further (and minor) source for marine pollution identified}, journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}, volume = {32}, pages = {867}, year = {1996} } @article {, author = {Hartline NL}, author = {Bruce NJ}, author = {Karba SN}, author = {Ruff EO}, author = {Sonar SU}, author = {Holden PA}, title = {Microfiber masses recovered from conventional machine washing of new or aged garments}, journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology}, volume = {50}, pages = {11532}, year = {2016} } @article {, author = {Jabeen K}, author = {Su L}, author = {Li J}, author = {Yang D}, author = {Tong C}, author = {Mu J}, title = {Microplastics and mesoplastics in fish from coastal and fresh waters of China}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {221}, pages = {141}, year = {2017} } @article {, author = {Lattin G}, author = {Moore C}, author = {Zellers A}, author = {Moore S}, author = {Weisberg S}, title = {A comparison of neustonic plastic and zooplankton at different depths near the southern California shore}, journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}, volume = {49}, pages = {291}, year = {2004} } @article {, author = {Lechner A}, author = {Ramler D}, title = {The discharge of certain amounts of industrial microplastic from a production plant into the River Danube is permitted by the Austrian legislation}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {200}, pages = {159}, year = {2015} } @article {, author = {Lithner D}, author = {Larsson Å}, author = {Dave G}, title = {Environmental and health hazard ranking and assessment of plastic polymers based on chemical composition}, journal = {Science of the Total Environment}, volume = {409}, pages = {3309}, year = {2011} } @article {, author = {Long M}, author = {Moriceau B}, author = {Gallinari M}, author = {Lambert C}, author = {Huvet A}, author = {Raffray J}, title = {Interactions between microplastics and phytoplankton aggregates: Impact on their respective fates}, journal = {Marine Chemistry}, volume = {175}, pages = {39}, year = {2015} } @article {, author = {Luscher A}, author = {McHugh M}, author = {Thompson R}, title = {Occurrence of microplastics in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic and demersal fish from the English Channel}, journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}, volume = {67}, pages = {94}, year = {2013} } @article {, author = {Mathalon A}, author = {Hill P}, title = {Microplastic fibers in the intertidal ecosystem surrounding Halifax Harbor, Nova Scotia}, journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}, volume = {81}, pages = {69}, year = {2014} } @article {, author = {McCormick A}, author = {Hoellein TJ}, author = {Mason SA}, author = {Schluep J}, author = {Kelly JJ}, title = {Microplastic is an abundant and distinct microbial habitat in an urban river}, journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology}, volume = {48}, pages = {11863}, year = {2014} } @article {, author = {Moore CJ}, title = {Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: a rapidly increasing, long-term threat}, journal = {Environmental Research}, volume = {108}, pages = {131}, year = {2008} } @article {, author = {Murphy F}, author = {Ewins C}, author = {Carbonnier F}, author = {Quinn B}, title = {Wastewater treatment works (WwTW) as a source of microplastics in the aquatic environment}, journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology}, volume = {50}, pages = {5800}, year = {2016} } @article {, author = {Patel M}, author = {Goyal B}, author = {Bhadada S}, author = {Bhatt J}, author = {Amin A}, title = {Getting into the brain: approaches to enhance brain drug delivery}, journal = {CNS Drugs}, volume = {23}, pages = {35}, year = {2009} } @article {, author = {Rios LM}, author = {Moore C}, author = {Jones PR}, title = {Persistent organic pollutants carried by synthetic polymers in the ocean environment}, journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}, volume = {54}, pages = {1230}, year = {2007} } @article {, author = {Rochman C}, author = {Kross S}, author = {Armstrong J}, author = {Bogan M}, author = {Darling E}, author = {Green S}, title = {Scientific evidence supports a ban on microbeads}, journal = {Environmental Science \& Technology}, volume = {49}, pages = {10759}, year = {2015} } @article {, author = {Ryan PG}, title = {Does size and buoyancy affect the long-distance transport of floating debris?}, journal = {Environmental Research Letters}, volume = {10}, pages = {084019}, year = {2015} } @article {, author = {Ryan P}, author = {Moore C}, author = {van Franeker J}, author = {Moloney C}, title = {Monitoring the abundance of plastic debris in the marine environment}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, volume = {364}, pages = {1999}, year = {2009} } @article {, author = {Sanchez W}, author = {Bender C}, author = {Porcher JM}, title = {Wild gudgeons (Gobio gobio) from French rivers are contaminated by microplastics: preliminary study and first evidence}, journal = {Environmental Research}, volume = {128}, pages = {98}, year = {2014} } @article {, author = {Setälä O}, author = {Fleming-Lehtinen V}, author = {Lehtiniemi M}, title = {Ingestion and transfer of microplastics in the planktonic food web}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {185}, pages = {77}, year = {2014} } @article {, author = {Shah AA}, author = {Hasan F}, author = {Hameed A}, author = {Ahmed S}, title = {Biological degradation of plastics: a comprehensive review}, journal = {Biotechnology Advances}, volume = {26}, pages = {246}, year = {2008} } @article {, author = {Silva-Cavalcanti JS}, author = {Silva JDB}, author = {de França EJ}, author = {de Araújo MCB}, author = {Gusmão F}, title = {Microplastics ingestion by a common tropical freshwater fishing resource}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {221}, pages = {218}, year = {2017} } @article {, author = {Talsness CE}, author = {Andrade AJM}, author = {Kuriyama SN}, author = {Taylor J}, author = {vom Saal FS}, title = {Components of plastic: experimental studies in animals and relevance for human health}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, volume = {364}, pages = {2079}, year = {2009} } @article {, author = {Teuten EL}, author = {Saquing JM}, author = {Knappe DRU}, author = {Barlaz MA}, author = {Jonsson S}, author = {Björn A}, title = {Transport and release of chemicals from plastics to the environment and to wildlife}, journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, volume = {364}, pages = {2027}, year = {2009} } @article {, author = {Wagner M}, author = {Engwall M}, author = {Hollert H}, title = {Editorial: (micro)plastics and the environment}, journal = {Environmental Sciences Europe}, volume = {26}, pages = {16}, year = {2014} } @article {, author = {Wright SL}, author = {Thompson RC}, author = {Galloway TS}, title = {The physical impacts of microplastics on marine organisms: a review}, journal = {Environmental Pollution}, volume = {178}, pages = {483}, year = {2013} } @article {, author = {Ziajahromi S}, author = {Neale PA}, author = {Leusch FDL}, title = {Wastewater treatment plant effluent as a source of microplastics: review of the fate, chemical interactions and potential risks to aquatic organisms}, journal = {Water Science and Technology}, volume = {74}, pages = {2253}, year = {2016} } @article {, author = {Zitko V}, author = {Hanlon M}, title = {Another source of pollution by plastics: skin cleansers with plastic scrubbers}, journal = {Marine Pollution Bulletin}, volume = {22}, pages = {41}, year = {1991} }